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映像的论证、阐述和理解——电气工程英语中的(21)

发布时间:2021-06-07   来源:未知    
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Reasoning,StatingandUnderstandingWithImages

truthintermsofliteralmeaningandtruth.

(ij)Interaction

Theories

Theliterarytheoristoftheearliestmodern

I.A.Richards(1936),was

tO

thefirst

one

whoadvocatedthat

one

alternatives

thesimiletheorywasthe‘interaction’viewof

metaphor.Suchtheorieshavetwocentral“cognitive

claims:(i)thatmetaphorshave

an

irreducible

content,”and(ii)thatthiscognitivecontent(or“meaning”)is

producedb3,the

the

“interaction”ofdifferentcognitivesystems.Interactionists‘‘cognitivecontents”ofmetaphorsliteralexpression.

ConsideroneofBlack’Sbeing

generallyclaimthat

are

can

betrue,eventhoughthey

notamenableto

examples(Black1962)"“Man

is

wolf.”Thepropertiesof

are

predator,travelinginpacks:andbeingfierceandruthless

are

allcommonplaces

associatedwith“wolf.:’ThesepropertiesthereforeinstrumentaltOcomprehendingthe

metaphor:they

serveas

the“filter”forthinkingaboutmankind,byemphasizingjust

those

commonplacesof“man’’thatfitwiththem.Themetaphor’S“cognitivecontent’’ormeaningisthedistinctivewayofthinkingaboutmankindthatthisNotice

herethat,“commonplaces’’need

not

filterin喜produces.

be

true.What

mattersisnottheactual

propertiesofthe.those

objects

denoted,or

even

thepropertiesthatspeakersandhearersbelieve

objectstOpossess,butratherwhatthedenotingexpressions“Calltomind.’’

Theinteractiontheory’Scentralmotivationistoaccountfortheapparentfactthat

metaphorsfunction

as

powerfulcognitive‘tools:as

devicesthatenable

UStobetter

understandtheworldinwhichwelive.Thomas

Kuhn(ThomasKuhn,1979)andRichard

Boyd(RichardBoyd,1979)amongothersheldtheview,thatscientificmodelsappearto

increasescientists’.understandingoftheuniverse.TheinteractiontheoryalsocomportswellwithLakoff’Sview(LakoffandJohnson1980,1999,&Lakoffamongcertain。cognitivescientists,thatordinarythoughtandirreducibly,metaphorical.

reason

1993),popular

largely,and

are

㈣)Gricean

Gricean

Theories

theories(Grice1975)of.metaphor

are

in

thefirstinstancetheories

of

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