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映像的论证、阐述和理解——电气工程英语中的(20)

发布时间:2021-06-07   来源:未知    
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Reasoning.StatingandUnderstanding14qth.Images

scientificviewoftheworldthathasevolvedfromthe

As

Enlightenment)

resultoftheseandmanyotherthreadsofdevelopment,cognitivescientists

around

tothe

begantocome

viewthat

metaphorandanalogy

aretodowith

on

the

foundationsofthinking,ratherthanbeingmerelythesuperficialdecorations

thecake.

3.2

Natureandtypesofmetaphortheoriesconcerningthinking,

1●1●

UnderStandlngandexpresslon

Manytheoriesofmetaphorhavebeenproposedanddefendedbyphilosophersof

languagesincethepublicationof

Black’S“interaction”theory.We

to

survey

fourofthemore

influentialtheories;thissurveyisintendedberepresentativeratherthanexhaustive.

(i)Simile

Theories

Black

said(Black1962)that

similetheories

are

theoldestand,untilfairlyrecently:

theviewthat

themostwidelyheldtheoriesof

metaphor.Johson(Johnson1981)held

Aristotleseemstohavebeenthefirstto

suggestthatmetaphorsare‘compressed’j

or

‘abbreviated’similes.Onanysuchtheory,themeaningofthat

ofthecorrespondingsimile:where“AisB”isthe

meaningisgivenbysuch

metaphorisidentifiedwith

metaphor(e.g.,“LoveB”(e.g.,‘‘Love

is

journey”),itsjourney”).On

thesentence“Aislike

islike

view,theinterpretationofmetaphoris

matterofinterpretingthe

correspondingsimile,andthetruthofthemetaphorisreducedtothatofthesimile.

Thesimiletheoryhasbothintuitiveandmethodologicalmotivations.First:itoftenseems

as

thoughsome

sort

ofcomparisonis_made,oratleastadumbrated,inmetaphorappears

to

account

Second,thesimile

theory

for

our

conflictingintuitions

about

metaphors’truthvalues.

ThemostobviousmethodOlogicalmotivationforthetheoryliesinthereductive

nature

ofitscentralclaim,that

metaphoris

formofsimile.At

minimum,thetheory

reducestwoproblemStoone:wenowneedonlyto

explainhowsimilesthemselveswork

Further,ifthemeaningsofsimiles

are

unproblematicbecauseliteral,thenthe‘problem’

ofmetaphorhasbeenresolvedaltogether:wehaveanalyzed

metaphoricalmeaningand

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